Wingspan

The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777-200 has a wingspan of 60.93 metres (199 ft 11 in), and a wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) caught in 1965 had a wingspan of 3.63 metres (11 ft 11 in), the official record for a living bird. Join a new organization and utilize discussion, news posts, and group messaging. WingSpan login – registration, financial aid, enrollment, paying fees, grades. Use Internet Explorer. Log in to WingSpan – for registration, financial aid, enrollment, paying fees, viewing grades and more.

Wingspan is a board game for 1 to 5 players designed by Elizabeth Hargrave and published by Stonemaier Games in 2019. Wingspan is a card-driven, medium-weight, engine-building board game in which players compete to attract birds to their wildlife reserves. Wingspan has been strongly praised for its artwork,^[1] its accurate portrayal of its bird habitats, and its gameplay, winning the 2019 Kennerspiel des Jahres for best connoisseur game of the year.^[2]

The game sold 44,000 copies worldwide over three printings in its first two months of release,^[3] with the publisher issuing a public apology for not having more copies available.^[4] The game had sold around 200,000 copies worldwide by the end of 2019.^[5]

The game is currently rated as the 20th best game of all time on BoardGameGeek's database of over 18,000 games.^[6]

The Wingspan European Expansion was released in November 2019, which included 81 new cards^[7] of European birds and new mechanisms and bird powers, such as birds which benefit from extra food and powers which trigger at the end of the round.^[8]

The first digital version of the game was released on January 4, 2019 on Tabletopia.^[9] Later on February 27, 2019 the game was also released on Steam.^[10]

Gameplay[edit]

In Wingspan players assign birds, which are represented by 170 individually illustrated cards,^[11] to forest, grassland, and wetland habitats.^[3] Over the course of four rounds, players put birds in the three different habitats, which are represented by rows on each player's board with space for five birds each.^[12]

Players can take a limited number of four types of action each round: drawing new birds, placing birds from their hand into their habitat, collecting food, and laying eggs, which have to be spent in order to play the birds.^[13] The strength of each action depends on how many cards are already in that habitat, and additional bonus actions are activated by the birds which are already in the habitat which represents that action.

In addition to putting birds into their habitats, players score points for objectives achieved during each round and throughout the whole game, eggs accumulated, and food and cards stored on other cards, which represent food collection and predation by a player's birds.^[12]

Expansions[edit]

Wingspan European Expansion is the first expansion, published in 2019. Wingspan European Expansion adds 81 new and unique bird cards to the total pool of available bird cards, 10 new end of round goals, and 5 bonus cards. Digital version of Wingspan: European Expansion was released on Tabletopia on December 13, 2019.^[14] Later on January 8, 2020 the expansion became available on Steam.^[15]

Wingspan Oceania Expansion is the second expansion, announced in January 2020 for later release in 2020. The Emu was the first confirmed bird from the Oceania Expansion.^[16]

Background and theme[edit]

The game was inspired by Hargrave's visits to Lake Artemesia close to where she lives in Maryland, where she would create personal charts of the birds she observed there,^[17] with the size of the dataset reaching almost 600 rows by 100 columns.^[18] The special powers afforded by the birds in the game closely resemble the unique characteristics of the real birds documented by Hargrave's efforts.^[19]

Awards and nominations[edit]

• 2019 Deutscher Spiele Preis Best Family/Adult Game Winner^[20]
• 2019 International Gamers Award - General Strategy: Multi-player Nominee^[21]
• 2019 Kennerspiel des Jahres Winner^[22]
• 2019 Nederlandse Spellenprijs Best Expert Game Nominee^[23]
• 2020 Golden Geek Award - nominated for Game of the Year, Card Game, Family Game, Innovative, Solo Game, and Strategy Game^[24]

Wingspan Game

Reception[edit]

The game has received predominantly favorable reviews and widespread acclaim.^[25] Board game critic Matt Thrower called Wingspan 'the year's hottest game',^[26] and Said Al-Azzawi of the L.A. Times called it 'one of the board game industry's most acclaimed games of the year'.^[27]

References[edit]

1. ^Herkewitz, William (October 23, 2019). 'The 50 Best New Board Games'. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
2. ^Pyttlik, Olaf (August 17, 2019). 'Looking for a new game? Trust the judges'. Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
3. ^ ^abRoberts, Siobhan (March 11, 2019). 'She Invented a Board Game With Scientific Integrity. It's Taking Off'. New York Times. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
4. ^Whipple, Tom (March 11, 2019). 'Birdwatching game Wingspan flies off the shelves'. The Times. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
5. ^Farzan, Shalah (November 6, 2019). 'Bird-Themed Game Hatched In St. Louis Soars In Popularity'. St. Louis Public Radio. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
6. ^FitzClemen, Robin (October 14, 2019). 'Unboxing board game culture at FunAgain's Gamer Garage Sale'. Daily Emerald. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
7. ^Elderkin, Beth (November 12, 2019). 'Wingspan Expands, Magic: The Gathering Enters the Hall of Fame, and More in Tabletop News'. Gizmodo. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
8. ^Winmai, Arran (October 2, 2019). 'Stonemaier Games komt met eerste Wingspan-uitbreiding'. NWTV. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
9. ^'All About Birds'. Tabletopia. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
10. ^'Tabletopia - Wingspan on Steam'. store.steampowered.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
11. ^McLaughlin, Shaymus (November 14, 2019). 'Need your outdoors fix indoors? Try these board games'. Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
12. ^ ^abLaw, Keith (March 27, 2019). 'Wingspan Is about as Perfect as Board Games Get'. Paste Magazine. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
13. ^Zimmerman, Aaron (March 16, 2019). 'Wingspan review: A gorgeous birding board game takes flight'. Ars Technica. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
14. ^'New Continent'. Tabletopia. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
15. ^'Tabletopia - Wingspan: European Expansion on Steam'. store.steampowered.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
16. ^Design, Dave Hewer (January 16, 2020). 'Wingspan Oceania Expansion'. Stonemaier Games. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
17. ^Teague Beckwith, Ryan (April 2, 2019). 'New Board Game Inspired by Lake Artemesia'. Hyattsville Wire. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
18. ^Solly, Meilan (March 12, 2019). 'This New Scientifically Accurate Board Game Is for the Birders'. Smithsonian. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
19. ^West, Stuart (May 14, 2019). 'A bird-based game takes wing'. Nature. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
20. ^'Deutscher Spielepreis 2019 - Sieger'. www.reich-der-spiele.de. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
21. ^'2019 Nominees - International Gamers Awards'. www.internationalgamersawards.net. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
22. ^'Flügelschlag'. Spiel des Jahres. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
23. ^'Expertprijs 2019: nominaties'. www.spellenprijs.nl. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
24. ^'BoardGameGeek'. boardgamegeek.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
25. ^Law, Keith (December 17, 2019). 'The Best Board Games of 2019'. Vulture. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
26. ^Thrower, Matt (October 11, 2019). 'Best Board Games of 2019'. IGN. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
27. ^Al-Azzawi, Saif (November 8, 2019). 'Fun board games to give this season'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2019.

The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777-200 has a wingspan of 60.93 metres (199 ft 11 in),^[1] and a wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) caught in 1965 had a wingspan of 3.63 metres (11 ft 11 in), the official record for a living bird.The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters.In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stands at 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m) and owns one of the largest wingspans at 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m).

Wingspan of aircraft[edit]

The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep.

Implications for aircraft design and animal evolution[edit]

The lift from wings is proportional to their area, so the heavier the animal or aircraft the bigger that area must be. The area is the product of the span times the width (mean chord) of the wing, so either a long, narrow wing or a shorter, broader wing will support the same mass. For efficient steady flight, the ratio of span to chord, the aspect ratio, should be as high as possible (the constraints are usually structural) because this lowers the lift-induced drag associated with the inevitable wingtip vortices. Long-ranging birds, like albatrosses, and most commercial aircraft maximize aspect ratio. Alternatively, animals and aircraft which depend on maneuverability (fighters, predators and the preyed upon, and those who live amongst trees and bushes, insect catchers, etc.) need to be able to roll fast to turn, and the high moment of inertia of long narrow wings, as well as the high angular drag and quick balancing of aileron lift with wing lift at a low rotation rate, produces lower roll rates. For them, short-span, broad wings are preferred. Additionally, ground handling in aircraft is a significant problem for very high aspect ratios and flying animals may encounter similar issues.

Surviving mars: space race download game. The highest aspect ratio man-made wings are aircraft propellers, in their most extreme form as helicopter rotors.

Wingspan of flying animals[edit]

To measure the wingspan of a bird, a live or freshly-dead specimen is placed flat on its back, the wings are grasped at the wrist joints, ankles and the distance is measured between the tips of the longest primary feathers on each wing.^{[clarification needed]}

The wingspan of an insect refers to the wingspan of pinned specimens, and may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body.

Wingspan in sports[edit]

In basketball and gridiron football, a fingertip-to-fingertip measurement is used to determine the player's wingspan, also called armspan. This is called reach in boxing terminology. The wingspan of 16-year-old BeeJay Anya, a top basketball Junior Class of 2013 prospect who played for the NC State Wolfpack, was officially measured at 7 feet 9 inches (2.36 m) across, one of the longest of all National Basketball Association draft prospects, and the longest ever for a non-7-foot player, though Anya went undrafted in 2017. ^[2] The wingspan of Manute Bol, at 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m), is (as of 2013) the longest in NBA history, and his vertical reach was 10 feet 5 inches (3.18 m).^[3][4]

Wingspan records[edit]

Players can take a limited number of four types of action each round: drawing new birds, placing birds from their hand into their habitat, collecting food, and laying eggs, which have to be spent in order to play the birds.^[13] The strength of each action depends on how many cards are already in that habitat, and additional bonus actions are activated by the birds which are already in the habitat which represents that action.

In addition to putting birds into their habitats, players score points for objectives achieved during each round and throughout the whole game, eggs accumulated, and food and cards stored on other cards, which represent food collection and predation by a player's birds.^[12]

Expansions[edit]

Wingspan European Expansion is the first expansion, published in 2019. Wingspan European Expansion adds 81 new and unique bird cards to the total pool of available bird cards, 10 new end of round goals, and 5 bonus cards. Digital version of Wingspan: European Expansion was released on Tabletopia on December 13, 2019.^[14] Later on January 8, 2020 the expansion became available on Steam.^[15]

Wingspan Oceania Expansion is the second expansion, announced in January 2020 for later release in 2020. The Emu was the first confirmed bird from the Oceania Expansion.^[16]

Background and theme[edit]

The game was inspired by Hargrave's visits to Lake Artemesia close to where she lives in Maryland, where she would create personal charts of the birds she observed there,^[17] with the size of the dataset reaching almost 600 rows by 100 columns.^[18] The special powers afforded by the birds in the game closely resemble the unique characteristics of the real birds documented by Hargrave's efforts.^[19]

Awards and nominations[edit]

• 2019 Deutscher Spiele Preis Best Family/Adult Game Winner^[20]
• 2019 International Gamers Award - General Strategy: Multi-player Nominee^[21]
• 2019 Kennerspiel des Jahres Winner^[22]
• 2019 Nederlandse Spellenprijs Best Expert Game Nominee^[23]
• 2020 Golden Geek Award - nominated for Game of the Year, Card Game, Family Game, Innovative, Solo Game, and Strategy Game^[24]

Wingspan Game

Reception[edit]

The game has received predominantly favorable reviews and widespread acclaim.^[25] Board game critic Matt Thrower called Wingspan 'the year's hottest game',^[26] and Said Al-Azzawi of the L.A. Times called it 'one of the board game industry's most acclaimed games of the year'.^[27]

References[edit]

1. ^Herkewitz, William (October 23, 2019). 'The 50 Best New Board Games'. Popular Mechanics. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
2. ^Pyttlik, Olaf (August 17, 2019). 'Looking for a new game? Trust the judges'. Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
3. ^ ^abRoberts, Siobhan (March 11, 2019). 'She Invented a Board Game With Scientific Integrity. It's Taking Off'. New York Times. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
4. ^Whipple, Tom (March 11, 2019). 'Birdwatching game Wingspan flies off the shelves'. The Times. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
5. ^Farzan, Shalah (November 6, 2019). 'Bird-Themed Game Hatched In St. Louis Soars In Popularity'. St. Louis Public Radio. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
6. ^FitzClemen, Robin (October 14, 2019). 'Unboxing board game culture at FunAgain's Gamer Garage Sale'. Daily Emerald. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
7. ^Elderkin, Beth (November 12, 2019). 'Wingspan Expands, Magic: The Gathering Enters the Hall of Fame, and More in Tabletop News'. Gizmodo. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
8. ^Winmai, Arran (October 2, 2019). 'Stonemaier Games komt met eerste Wingspan-uitbreiding'. NWTV. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
9. ^'All About Birds'. Tabletopia. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
10. ^'Tabletopia - Wingspan on Steam'. store.steampowered.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
11. ^McLaughlin, Shaymus (November 14, 2019). 'Need your outdoors fix indoors? Try these board games'. Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
12. ^ ^abLaw, Keith (March 27, 2019). 'Wingspan Is about as Perfect as Board Games Get'. Paste Magazine. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
13. ^Zimmerman, Aaron (March 16, 2019). 'Wingspan review: A gorgeous birding board game takes flight'. Ars Technica. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
14. ^'New Continent'. Tabletopia. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
15. ^'Tabletopia - Wingspan: European Expansion on Steam'. store.steampowered.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
16. ^Design, Dave Hewer (January 16, 2020). 'Wingspan Oceania Expansion'. Stonemaier Games. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
17. ^Teague Beckwith, Ryan (April 2, 2019). 'New Board Game Inspired by Lake Artemesia'. Hyattsville Wire. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
18. ^Solly, Meilan (March 12, 2019). 'This New Scientifically Accurate Board Game Is for the Birders'. Smithsonian. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
19. ^West, Stuart (May 14, 2019). 'A bird-based game takes wing'. Nature. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
20. ^'Deutscher Spielepreis 2019 - Sieger'. www.reich-der-spiele.de. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
21. ^'2019 Nominees - International Gamers Awards'. www.internationalgamersawards.net. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
22. ^'Flügelschlag'. Spiel des Jahres. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
23. ^'Expertprijs 2019: nominaties'. www.spellenprijs.nl. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
24. ^'BoardGameGeek'. boardgamegeek.com. Retrieved April 27, 2020.
25. ^Law, Keith (December 17, 2019). 'The Best Board Games of 2019'. Vulture. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
26. ^Thrower, Matt (October 11, 2019). 'Best Board Games of 2019'. IGN. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
27. ^Al-Azzawi, Saif (November 8, 2019). 'Fun board games to give this season'. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 11, 2019.

The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777-200 has a wingspan of 60.93 metres (199 ft 11 in),^[1] and a wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) caught in 1965 had a wingspan of 3.63 metres (11 ft 11 in), the official record for a living bird.The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters.In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stands at 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m) and owns one of the largest wingspans at 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m).

Wingspan of aircraft[edit]

The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep.

Implications for aircraft design and animal evolution[edit]

The lift from wings is proportional to their area, so the heavier the animal or aircraft the bigger that area must be. The area is the product of the span times the width (mean chord) of the wing, so either a long, narrow wing or a shorter, broader wing will support the same mass. For efficient steady flight, the ratio of span to chord, the aspect ratio, should be as high as possible (the constraints are usually structural) because this lowers the lift-induced drag associated with the inevitable wingtip vortices. Long-ranging birds, like albatrosses, and most commercial aircraft maximize aspect ratio. Alternatively, animals and aircraft which depend on maneuverability (fighters, predators and the preyed upon, and those who live amongst trees and bushes, insect catchers, etc.) need to be able to roll fast to turn, and the high moment of inertia of long narrow wings, as well as the high angular drag and quick balancing of aileron lift with wing lift at a low rotation rate, produces lower roll rates. For them, short-span, broad wings are preferred. Additionally, ground handling in aircraft is a significant problem for very high aspect ratios and flying animals may encounter similar issues.

Surviving mars: space race download game. The highest aspect ratio man-made wings are aircraft propellers, in their most extreme form as helicopter rotors.

Wingspan of flying animals[edit]

To measure the wingspan of a bird, a live or freshly-dead specimen is placed flat on its back, the wings are grasped at the wrist joints, ankles and the distance is measured between the tips of the longest primary feathers on each wing.^{[clarification needed]}

The wingspan of an insect refers to the wingspan of pinned specimens, and may refer to the distance between the centre of the thorax to the apex of the wing doubled or to the width between the apices with the wings set with the trailing wing edge perpendicular to the body.

Wingspan in sports[edit]

In basketball and gridiron football, a fingertip-to-fingertip measurement is used to determine the player's wingspan, also called armspan. This is called reach in boxing terminology. The wingspan of 16-year-old BeeJay Anya, a top basketball Junior Class of 2013 prospect who played for the NC State Wolfpack, was officially measured at 7 feet 9 inches (2.36 m) across, one of the longest of all National Basketball Association draft prospects, and the longest ever for a non-7-foot player, though Anya went undrafted in 2017. ^[2] The wingspan of Manute Bol, at 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m), is (as of 2013) the longest in NBA history, and his vertical reach was 10 feet 5 inches (3.18 m).^[3][4]

Wingspan records[edit]

Largest wingspan[edit]

• Aircraft (current): Scaled Composites Stratolaunch — 117 m (385 ft) ^[5]
• Bat: Large flying fox – 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)^[6]
• Bird: Wandering albatross – 3.63 m (11 ft 11 in)^[7]
• Bird (extinct): Argentavis – Estimated 7 m (23 ft 0 in)^[8]
• Reptile (extinct): Quetzalcoatlus pterosaur – 10–11 m (33–36 ft)^[9]
• Insect: White witch moth – 28 cm (11.0 in)^[10]
• Insect (extinct): Meganeuropsis (relative of dragonflies) – estimated up to 71 cm (28.0 in)^[11]

Smallest wingspan[edit]

• Aircraft (biplane):Starr Bumble Bee II – 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)^[12]
• Aircraft (jet):Bede BD-5 – 4.27 m (14 ft 0 in)^{[citation needed]}
• Aircraft (twin engine):Colomban Cri-cri – 4.9 m (16 ft 1 in)
• Bat: Bumblebee bat – 16 cm (6.3 in) ^[6]
• Bird: Bee hummingbird – 6.5 cm (2.6 in)^[13]
• Insect: Tanzanian parasitic wasp (Fairyfly) – 0.2 mm (0.0079 in)^[14]

References[edit]

Wingspan

1. ^777-200/300 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning(PDF) (Technical report). Boeing. December 2008. p. 15.
2. ^Smith, Cameron (June 17, 2013). 'High school basketball player's stunning wingspan'. Yahoo Sports!. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
3. ^Schudel, Matt (June 19, 2010). 'Manute Bol, former Washington Bullet and one of NBA's tallest players, dies at 47'. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
4. ^'Former NBA player Manute Bol to speak at Union'. Union College. November 3, 2008. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
5. ^'Paul Allen showed off his new rocket-launching plane today, and it's BIG'. Ars Technica. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
6. ^ ^ab'Bats'. Sea World. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
7. ^Wood, Gerald (1983). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. ISBN978-0-85112-235-9.
8. ^Chatterjee, Sankar; Templin, R. Jack; Campbell, Kenneth E.Jr. (2007). 'The aerodynamics of Argentavis, the world's largest flying bird from the Miocene of Argentina'. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (30): 12398–12403. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702040104. PMC1906724. PMID17609382.
9. ^Connor, Steve (September 10, 2005). 'Flying dinosaur biggest airborne animal'. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
10. ^'Largest Lepidopteran Wing Span'. University of Florida Book of Insect Records. Archived from the original on March 2, 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
11. ^Mitchell, F.L. and Lasswell, J. (2005): A dazzle of dragonflies Texas A&M University Press, page 47
12. ^'Starr bumble bee'. Pima Air & Space Museum.
13. ^Adrienne Glick. 'Mellisuga helenae bee hummingbird'. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
14. ^'Smallest Insect Filmed in Flight'. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 29, 2013.

Wingspan Oceania Expansion